The normal menstrual cycle is a regular, natural process that most women and individuals with a uterus experience during their reproductive years. It typically lasts about 28 days, although variations ranging from 21 to 35 days are considered normal. The menstrual cycle can be divided into several phases, each with specific hormonal and physical changes. Here’s an overview of the normal menstrual cycle:
- Menstruation (Days 1-5): The cycle begins with menstruation, which is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium). This is commonly referred to as a period and lasts around 3 to 7 days. During this phase, estrogen and progesterone levels are low.
- Follicular Phase (Days 1-13): Immediately after menstruation, the body enters the follicular phase. During this time, the pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the ovaries to produce several follicles, each containing an immature egg (ovum). These follicles compete for dominance, but usually, only one will mature into a dominant follicle.
- Ovulation (Around Day 14): Around the middle of the menstrual cycle, typically on day 14 in a 28-day cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the mature follicle to release an egg through the process of ovulation. This is the most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle.
- Luteal Phase (Days 15-28): After ovulation, the empty follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the breakdown of the corpus luteum and the start of menstruation. If fertilization does occur, pregnancy begins.
Throughout the menstrual cycle, the levels of hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, fluctuate, influencing various physical and emotional changes in the body. These changes can include breast tenderness, mood swings, and changes in cervical mucus consistency.
It’s important to note that while the above description outlines a “typical” menstrual cycle, not all individuals have a 28-day cycle, and variations are entirely normal. Factors such as stress, illness, changes in weight, and underlying medical conditions can also affect the regularity and length of the menstrual cycle. If you have concerns about your menstrual cycle or experience irregularities that cause discomfort or distress, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and guidance.
Image Source: Google.com
